Every winter, I make a plan for which veggies, flowers, and herbs I’m going to start from seed throughout the growing season. Some of them get a head start indoors, while others I wait until the timing is right for direct seeding outside. I also have a little list of seeds for succession planting in the summer after certain crops, like garlic and peas. In this article, I’m going to share tips on direct seeding, as well as explain which crops benefit from being started outside.

Direct seeding—or direct sowing—is when you plant seeds right in the garden instead of starting seeds indoors under lights or in sunny windows, or purchasing seedlings at the nursery. There are a few different crops that benefit from being direct sown. Some cool-season crops, especially root vegetables, don’t do well when transplanted, and some crops that prefer warm soil before you plant seed, like zucchini and melons, can be sown outside when the timing is right.

In colder climates like mine, some plants, like tomatoes, eggplant, and peppers, need that head start indoors. And while some seeds don’t mind being sown both indoors and outdoors, others perform much better if they’re direct-sown in the ground. Some vegetables and herbs can experience transplant shock from the roots being disturbed while pulling them out of a cell pack and planting them in the garden. Others, like dill, grow a long taproot so they also benefit from not being disturbed once the seeds germinate.

Prepping your garden

Before you rip open those seed packets, you need to do a little site preparation. You don’t want to sow seeds in hard-packed soil. You want the soil to be loose and workable. It’s a good idea to amend your soil with compost before sowing seeds. You can add organic matter in the fall or in the spring. Be sure to remove any weeds before you add soil amendments.

Sowing seeds in the garden

Grab a tray to hold your seeds, a marker, tags, etc. It can also catch any seeds that spill so they don’t go to waste. Read each seed packet carefully. It should explain everything that variety of plant needs. For seeds that can be planted indoors and out, read the recommendations and timelines for both scenarios. If seeds should simply be direct-sown outdoors, that’s what the instructions will state. Check your region’s frost-free date so you know whether the seeds you’ve chosen are to be sown before or after.

There are also different ways to plant seeds. Some seeds can be broadcast, or scattered, about. This is what I do with poppy seeds. They’re so tiny, it’s easier to gently shake the packet around the garden where you’d like them planted than to individually plant them.

For some seeds, you can simply take a dibber or the tip of your trowel to create a narrow furrow or trench in the soil to the depth you’d like it to be. Once you’ve sown your seeds, you simply have to gently swipe the soil over the hole.

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